Simi Kaur
Stellantis × Mcity × University of Michigan — March 2026

Take control.

Designing the five seconds when a self-driving Jeep hands the wheel back to a human, and testing whether the design actually works in a VR simulator on a real test track.

The instrument cluster moving between active and alert states
01The moment

The 5 seconds that matter

You're in a Grand Cherokee, hands off the wheel, L3 autonomy driving. You're following a semi-truck down the highway. The truck swerves. Behind it, a disabled vehicle, stopped dead in your lane.

The car knows before you do. The question is whether it can tell you fast enough, and clearly enough, for you to take over. That was the brief: not "design a warning light," but design the moment a car and a human trade control of a 4,500-pound vehicle.

Must feel like Jeep — bold, stableMust meet automotive safety standardsMust fit Stellantis's fixed cluster grid
02Getting there

It took a few passes

Stellantis handed us a fixed grid, not a blank page. Getting from that grid to something that felt like a Jeep, and could still turn into an alert, took a few rounds.

Iteration 01: Stellantis's grid
01Stellantis's grid
Started with their fixed layout: upper display, center display, lower display, safe areas on both sides. Not much room to be clever.
Iteration 02: First pass, analog
02First pass, analog
Round dials, classic gauge cluster. Functional, safe, forgettable. Didn't feel like a Jeep yet.
Iteration 03: Adding personality
03Adding personality
Swapped in digital gauges shaped to the Jeep silhouette. Better, but still no story for what happens in an emergency.
Iteration 04: Final cluster
04Final cluster
Glowing digital gauges, red piping standing by, ready to take over the whole frame the moment something goes wrong.
03How we designed the handoff

Two decisions that carried the alert

Decision 01
Red overlay + blur
The whole display darkens and reddens so the alert isn't a thing on screen, it's the only thing on screen.
What shipped
tinting the center red gave the alert visual weight in the cluster's fixed grid.
Decision 01 final design
Decision 02
Two words, not a paragraph
"Take control." No explanation. A wheel icon with hands going back on it says the rest.
What shipped
Two words are fast to read and the icon tells the action—no ambiguity when a driver's attention is already split.
Decision 02 final design
04The final outcome

The cluster under alert

Video

Cluster transitions into alert state (full red overlay, two-word directive, audio chime, and flashing) when a handoff is required.

05Testing it for real

Onto a VR rig, onto Mcity's test track

Mockups don't tell you if someone actually grabs the wheel in time. So we put two competing alert concepts in front of four drivers, strapped into a VR simulator on a real steering rig at Mcity, and watched what they did when the truck ahead swerved.

"Definitely chimes. Sound is the most effective because when you're not looking, it gets your alert."
P02
"The red's very clear — something's going wrong and I need to do something."
P03
"I didn't notice what the text said at all. I just heard the chime and saw red."
P04
06What we learned

Sound wins. Text mostly doesn't.

Every participant said the chime was what actually got their attention, not the visual. Red flashing won second place. Text barely registered, three of four couldn't recall what it said.

The bigger surprise: two of four drivers reacted to the truck swerving before our alert even fired. Trust in the system also wasn't fixed. One driver trusted it far more alone than with his family in the car.

Sound7/7
Visual (red flash)5.5/7
Text0.5/7
07Where it goes next

Four things I'd try next

Add haptics
Seat vibration came up unprompted, especially from drivers with kids in the car.
Voice over text
Replace the paragraph nobody reads with two spoken words: "Brake." "Take control."
Move it into view
Put the highest-priority alert on a HUD, not just the cluster, since half of driving isn't spent looking down.
Question the timing
Some drivers felt the car had time to solve it alone. Worth testing a shorter time-to-collision.
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